水凝胶是一种具有三维网络结构的高分子材料，利用外界刺激诱导水凝胶的结构调控具有重要的意义。近年来，光响应型水凝胶在该领域的应用研究受到了广泛关注，但是光反应的诱发波长通常位于紫外/可见光区，该区间的光波在生物组织中的穿透性较差，大幅限制了其在深部组织的应用。X射线是一种能量高，穿透性强的电磁波。由于X射线具有较高的组织穿透性和临床相关性，因此被认为是临床多种疾病治疗中的最佳外源性刺激。张海磊等合成了一系列铽基X射线长余辉发光纳米材料，利用稀土离子高浓度下的5D3至5D4能级间的交叉衰减通道，抑制了发光材料紫外光区的发射，合成绿光发射型X射线长余辉材料。利用X射线激发的长余辉发光，进一步激活水凝胶光交联、光降解、光驱动等反应，实现了对深层组织内部水凝胶结构动态调控，上述研究工作在生物医用材料领域具有良好的应用前景。

发表论文列表：

[1] Shanshan Li, Hailei Zhang, Jiaying Zhong, Bo Zhang, Kaiming Zhang, Yuangong Zhang, Leipeng Li, Yanmin Yang, Yonggang Wu, and Richard Hoogenboom. X-ray Induced Photodegradation of Hydrogels by the Incorporation of X-ray-activated Long Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025, 147, 20273-20283.

[2] Hailei Zhang, Jiaying Zhong, Zetong Zhang, Kaiming Zhang, Yanmin Yang, Leipeng Li, Yonggang Wu, and Richard Hoogenboom. Photoresponsive Hexaarylbiimidazole-Crosslinked Hydrogels: From Synthesis to Diverse Applications. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, 64: e20013.

[3] Chongyang Cai, Leipeng Li, Xiaohuan Lv, Huimin Li, Tao Li, Pei Li, Wenting Zhao, Lingzhu Zi, Shiji Feng, Xuan Fan, Hailei Zhang, Dengfeng Peng, Feng Wang, Jianrong Qiu, and Yanmin Yang. Nature Communications, 2025, 16 :6224.

[4] Hailei Zhang, Bo Zhang, Chongyang Cai, Kaiming Zhang, Yu Wang, Yuan Wang, Yanmin Yang, Yonggang Wu, Xinwu Ba, and Richard Hoogenboom. Water-dispersible X-ray scintillators enabling coating and blending with polymer materials for multiple applications. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 2055.

[5] Hailei Zhang, Boyan Tang, Bo Zhang, Kai Huang, Shanshan Li, Yuangong Zhang, Haisong Zhang, Libin Bai, Yonggang Wu, Yongqiang Cheng, Yanmin Yang, and Gang Han. X-ray-activated polymerization expanding the frontiers of deep-tissue hydrogel formation. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 3247